The Complete Lojban Language

Prev: Lojban Words Index

Table of Contents

Examples Index

Symbols

“a” is letteral: References to lerfu, References to lerfu
$: Computerized character codes
(n + 1)(n + 1) = n^2 + 2n + 1: Simple infix expressions and equations
(n+1)-th rat: Special mekso selbri
+1 + -1 = 0: Simple infix expressions and equations -1: Signs and numerical punctuation
1 + 1 = 2: Simple infix expressions and equations
10^20: Infix operators revisited
12-point: Alien alphabets
123: Lojban numbers
2 + 2: Truth-value abstraction: jei
2 rats + 2 rabbits = 4 animals: Using Lojban resources within mekso
2/7: Signs and numerical punctuation
3 * 10^8: Infix operators revisited
3 grams: Simple infix expressions and equations
3.1415: Signs and numerical punctuation
8 out of 10: Special mekso selbri

A

A gives B to C: lerfu words as pro-sumti
A gives BC: lerfu words as pro-sumti
A loves B: lerfu words as pro-sumti
ABC base 16: Non-decimal and compound bases
Abraham Lincoln: Truth questions and connective questions
Acer: fu’ivla
addition problems: Other kinds of simple selbri
afraid of horse: Relative clauses and descriptors
after sleep: Propositional attitude indicators, Propositional attitude indicators, Propositional attitude indicators, Propositional attitude indicators, Propositional attitude indicators
aleph null: Special numbers
Alexander Pavlovitch Kuznetsov: lerfu words as pro-sumti
all-th: Special mekso selbri
always and everywhere: Space interval modifiers: FEhE
American dollars: Computerized character codes
Amsterdam: Buffering Of Consonant Clusters
and earlier: Tenses, modals, and logical connection
and simultaneously: Tenses, modals, and logical connection
and then: Tensed logical connectives, Tensed logical connectives, Tensed logical connectives, Tenses, modals, and logical connection, Tenses, modals, and logical connection, Tenses, modals, and logical connection
anyone who goes walks: The problem of “any”
Appassionata: Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison
approximately 40: Approximation and inexact numbers
Armstrong: Syllabication And Stress
Arnold: cmene
Artur Rubenstein: Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison
assumption: Evidentials
at least: Approximation and inexact numbers
at least two: Approximation and inexact numbers
at most: Approximation and inexact numbers
at most two: Approximation and inexact numbers
attend school: Interval properties: TAhE and roi
Avon: Modal tags: BAI

B

bear wrote story: The three basic description types
Bears wrote book: Individuals and masses
beautiful dog: The sumti di’u and la’e di’u
beefsteak: Eliding KE and KEhE rafsi from lujvo
Beethoven: Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison
beetle: Dependent places
being alive: Types of event abstractions
better: Comparatives and superlatives
between Dresden and Frankfurt: Interval connectives and forethought non-logical connection, Interval connectives and forethought non-logical connection, Interval connectives and forethought non-logical connection
bicycle race: Minor abstraction types
big boat: lujvo
big nose: What are you pointing at?
big nose-pores: What are you pointing at?
big person: What are you pointing at?
big red dog: Logical connection within tanru
Bill Clinton: The meaning of tanru: a necessary detour
blue as sad: Miscellaneous indicators
blue and red: Non-logical connectives
blue house: Conversion: SE, Logical connection within tanru, Logical connection within tanru
blue-eyed: Eliding SE rafsi from tertau
boat sailed: Tenses as sumti tcita
bomb destroyed fifty miles: Interval connectives and forethought non-logical connection
bone bread: Buffering Of Consonant Clusters
Boston from Atlanta: Standard bridi form: cu
both dogs: Indefinite numbers
bovine: Eliding KE and KEhE rafsi from lujvo
breathe: Tenses, modals, and logical connection
brie: fu’ivla
Brooklyn: Linked sumti: be-bei-be’o
brothers: Non-logical connectives, Non-logical connectives, Non-logical connectives, Non-logical connectives
Brown
John: cmene, cmene
Bulgarian: fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla
butter is soft: Individuals and masses
butterfly
social: tanru

C

can see: Actuality, potentiality, capability: CAhA
car goer: Symmetrical and asymmetrical lujvo
carried piano: Non-logical connectives
carry sack: Mixed modal connection
carry sack and dog: Tensed logical connectives, Tensed logical connectives, Tensed logical connectives
carry the piano: Interval connectives and forethought non-logical connection
Carthage destroyed: Evidentials
cat of plastic: Relativized pro-sumti: ke’a
Catherine: cmene
Cathy: cmene
cause death: Lojban sumti raising
cave: Story time
Chief: cmene
child on ice: Interval sizes: VEhA and ZEhA
choose from: Non-logical connectives
Chrysler: selbri based on sumti: me
CIA: Acronyms
cobra: fu’ivla
coffee mixed with tea: More about non-logical connectives
coffee or tea: Truth questions and connective questions
coin heads: Special mekso selbri
condescension: Attitudinal modifiers
continues: Event contours: ZAhO and re’u
cup’s friend: Relative phrases
curious: Predication/sentence abstraction

D

deference: Attitudinal modifiers
Devanagari: Alien alphabets
die after living: Tenses as sumti tcita
discuss in language: More about non-logical connectives
DNA: Acronyms
doctor and then rich: Tenses, modals, and logical connection
dog bites: Dropping the prenex
dog or cat: Truth questions and connective questions, Truth questions and connective questions, Truth questions and connective questions
doghouse: The meaning of lujvo
dogs bite: Grouping of quantifiers
Dong: Ordering lujvo places., Ordering lujvo places., Ordering lujvo places.
Doyle: Lojban names
ducks swim: Actuality, potentiality, capability: CAhA

E

eat in airplane: Movement in space: MOhI
eat themselves: Indefinite numbers
eight out of ten: Special mekso selbri
empathy: Attitude questions; empathy; attitude contours
engineering: Some simple Lojban bridi
Englishman in Africa: Individuals and masses
enough currency: Indefinite numbers
enough-th: Special mekso selbri
ete: Accent marks and compound lerfu words
everybody loves something: Negation boundaries
everything breathes: Restricted claims: da poi
everything loves everything: Universal claims
everything sees me: Universal claims
everything sees something: Universal claims
except from 10 to 12: Interval connectives and forethought non-logical connection
experienced: Evidentials

F

F.8 base 16: Non-decimal and compound bases
far away from the nearby park: Tenses as sumti tcita
fast talker: tanru
fast-talker shoe: tanru
father: The concept of the bridi
father mother: lujvo
fewsome: Special mekso selbri
Fido: Dropping the prenex
field rations: lujvo
finished: Event contours: ZAhO and re’u
first rat: Special mekso selbri
firstly: Other uses of mekso
fish eat: Topic-comment sentences: ZOhU, Topic-comment sentences: ZOhU
fish on right: Interval sizes: VEhA and ZEhA
flashbacks in story time: Story time
font: Alien alphabets, Alien alphabets, Alien alphabets
formal requirement: Attitudes as scales, Attitudes as scales, Attitudes as scales, Attitudes as scales, Attitudes as scales, Attitudes as scales
former market: Sticky and multiple tenses: KI
four “e”s: References to lerfu
Four score and seven: Four score and seven: a mekso problem
fourteen “e”s: What’s a letteral, anyway?
Frank is a fool: Predication/sentence abstraction, Predication/sentence abstraction
friend’s cup: Relative phrases
from one to two o’clock: Interval connectives and forethought non-logical connection
function f of x: Mathematical uses of lerfu strings

G

German rich man: Grouping of afterthought connectives
Gettysburg Address: Four score and seven: a mekso problem
girls’ school
little: Three-part tanru grouping with bo, Three-part tanru grouping with bo, Three-part tanru grouping with bo
give: The concept of the bridi, The concept of the bridi, The concept of the bridi
give or receive: Tagging places: FA
giving the horse: Property abstractions
go: Standard bridi form: cu
go to Boston from Atlanta: Standard bridi form: cu
go to market: Introductory
go to Paris or Rome: Logical Connectives and DeMorgan’s Law
go to the store: What are the typographical conventions of this book?
goer table: Simple tanru
good house: Linked sumti: be-bei-be’o
grasp water: Other modal connections
great soldier: Symmetrical and asymmetrical lujvo, Ordering lujvo places.

H

had earlier: Sticky and multiple tenses: KI
han4zi4: What about Chinese characters?
hands in pockets: Relative phrases
handwriting: Alien alphabets
happiness: Abstraction focus pro-sumti: ce’u
has a heart: Property abstractions
have never: Interval properties: TAhE and roi
healthy: Questions, Questions, Questions, Questions, Questions
Helvetica font: Alien alphabets
hepatitis: rafsi, rafsi
hiragana: Alien alphabets
hit cousin: Discursives, Discursives, Discursives, Discursives
hit nose: Discursives, Discursives, Discursives, Discursives
hits: The concept of the bridi
Hollywood: Descriptors for typical objects
hours
minutes
- seconds: example: Non-decimal and compound bases
huh?: Miscellaneous indicators
husband and wife: Evidentials

I

IBM: Acronyms
if coffee
bring tea: Truth questions and connective questions
in the aftermath: Tenses as sumti tcita
individual: Special mekso selbri
infant ducks: Actuality, potentiality, capability: CAhA
inferior: Attitudinal modifiers
infinity: Special numbers
inflammable: Actuality, potentiality, capability: CAhA
intermittently: Interval properties: TAhE and roi
irrational number: Relative clauses and complex sumti: vu’o

J

James: Consonant Clusters
Jane: cmene
Japanese hiragana: Alien alphabets
Japanese katakana: Alien alphabets
Jesus: Minor abstraction types
Jim: cmene
John and Sam: The concept of the bridi, The concept of the bridi, The concept of the bridi
John Brown: cmene, cmene
John is coming: What are attitudinal indicators?, What are attitudinal indicators?, What are attitudinal indicators?, What are attitudinal indicators?, What are attitudinal indicators?
John Paul Jones: Lojban names
John says that George goes to market: Tenses in subordinate bridi
Jupiter life: Abstractor connection and connection within abstractions
juror 5: Possessive sumti

K

katakana: Alien alphabets
Kate: cmene
Katrina: cmene
kept on too long: Event contours: ZAhO and re’u
killing Jim: Types of event abstractions
kissing Jane: Event abstraction
know: Predication/sentence abstraction
know who: Indirect questions
Korean: fu’ivla, fu’ivla

L

Lady: cmene
large meal: Attitudinal modifiers
lemon tree: Simple tanru
Length * Width * Depth = Volume: Using Lojban resources within mekso
Lepidoptera: tanru
less than: Approximation and inexact numbers
less than two: Approximation and inexact numbers
likes more than: Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison, Modal relative phrases; Comparison
lion in Africa: Descriptors for typical objects
lions in Africa: Individuals and masses
list: Non-logical connectives
list of things to do: More about non-logical connectives
listen attentively: Symmetrical and asymmetrical lujvo
living things: Indefinite pro-sumti and pro-bridi: the zo’e-series and the co’e-series
Livingston: Evidentials
long ago and far away: Temporal tenses: PU and ZI
long-sword: lujvo with more than two parts.
Lord: cmene
Lottie: Lojban names
love more: Property abstractions
lukewarm food: sumti qualifiers
Lyra: Lojban names

M

magic square: Vectors and matrices
man or woman: Logical connection and truth tables
man-woman: Logical connection within tanru
manhole: Compound spatial tenses
manysome: Special mekso selbri
maple sugar: fu’ivla
maple trees: fu’ivla
meat slice: Eliding KE and KEhE rafsi from lujvo
mice: Minor abstraction types
Mitsubishi: What about Chinese characters?
mixed with: Non-logical connectives
Mon Repos: Dependent places
more than: Approximation and inexact numbers
more than two: Approximation and inexact numbers
mother father: lujvo
my: Possessive sumti
my chair: Multiple relative clauses: zi’e

N

n people: Mathematical uses of lerfu strings
NATO: Acronyms
near the faraway park: Tenses as sumti tcita
near the park: Tenses as sumti tcita
nearby in time: Temporal tenses: PU and ZI
New York city: Relative phrases, Relative phrases
New York state: Relative phrases
Newport News: Lojban names
news: Topic-comment sentences: ZOhU, Topic-comment sentences: ZOhU
nothing sits: Negation boundaries
Nth rat: Mathematical uses of lerfu strings
nth rat: Special mekso selbri
Nthly: Mathematical uses of lerfu strings
NYC: Acronyms

O

observation: Evidentials
ocean shell: Eliding KE and KEhE rafsi from lujvo
Old McDonald: The Special Lojban Characters
on two occasions: Sub-events
on verge: Event contours: ZAhO and re’u
once: Interval properties: TAhE and roi
once and future king: Tenses, modals, and logical connection, Tenses, modals, and logical connection
One
the: cmene
only: Discursives, Discursives, Discursives, Discursives
only once: Interval properties: TAhE and roi
opinion: Evidentials
opposite-of-minus: Miscellany
owe money: Multiple compound bridi

P

Persian rug: rafsi
person’s arm: Relative phrases
Pete: cmene
piano-moving: Individuals and masses
place of eating: Conversion of sumti tcita: JAI
plant grows: Modal sentence connection: the causals, Modal sentence connection: the causals, Modal sentence connection: the causals, Modal sentence connection: the causals, Modal sentence connection: the causals, Modal negation
prayer: Ordering lujvo places., Ordering lujvo places., Ordering lujvo places.
Preem Palver: Other kinds of simple selbri
pregnant sister: Discursives, Discursives
pride of lions: Using Lojban resources within mekso
probability .5: Special mekso selbri
pronouncement: Evidentials
property of loving: Property abstractions

Q

quack: Alien alphabets
quadratic formula: Logical and non-logical connectives within mekso
quality and quantity: Abstractor connection and connection within abstractions, Abstractor connection and connection within abstractions
quark: fu’ivla
quick runner: Simple tanru

R

Ralph: Existential claims, prenexes, and variables
rat eats cheese: Interval properties: TAhE and roi, Tenses as sumti tcita, Tenses as sumti tcita, Tenses as sumti tcita
rat eats cheese in park: Conversion of sumti tcita: JAI, Conversion of sumti tcita: JAI
rats are brown: Masses and sets
rats in park: Special mekso selbri
Red Pony: sumti qualifiers, sumti qualifiers
red pony: Relative clauses and complex sumti: vu’o, Relative clauses and complex sumti: vu’o
regularly: Interval properties: TAhE and roi
respectively: Non-logical connectives
rich and German: More about non-logical connectives, More about non-logical connectives
rock face: Space interval modifiers: FEhE
Roman Empire: Types of event abstractions
room which he built: Relative clauses within relative clauses, Relative clauses within relative clauses
rounded down: Approximation and inexact numbers
rounded up: Approximation and inexact numbers
rug
Persian: rafsi
runner shoe: tanru

S

said John: Parenthesis and metalinguistic commentary: TO, TOI, SEI, Parenthesis and metalinguistic commentary: TO, TOI, SEI, Parenthesis and metalinguistic commentary: TO, TOI, SEI, Parenthesis and metalinguistic commentary: TO, TOI, SEI
salad ingredients: Space interval modifiers: FEhE
scale of redness: Special mekso selbri
school building: Dependent places
schooner: Lojban content words: brivla
see with eye: Modal selbri
see with left eye: Modal places: FIhO, FEhU
set of all rats: Special mekso selbri
set of rats: sumti qualifiers, sumti qualifiers, sumti qualifiers
shell worm: Eliding KE and KEhE rafsi from lujvo
shellfish: Eliding KE and KEhE rafsi from lujvo
Sherman tank: rafsi
ship sank: Attitude questions; empathy; attitude contours
shook stick: What are pro-sumti and pro-bridi? What are they for?, What are pro-sumti and pro-bridi? What are they for?
Simon says: Utterance pro-sumti: the di’u-series
simultaneously: Tenses, modals, and logical connection
singular me: Special mekso selbri
sister pregnant: Discursives, Discursives
six-shooter: Sub-events
sneak in: Eliding KE and KEhE rafsi from lujvo
snow falls: Tenses as sumti tcita
snowball’s chance: Special mekso selbri
social butterfly: tanru
Socrates: Modal sentence connection: the causals
some do not go to school: Using naku outside a prenex
some relationship: selbri variables
somebody loves self: Existential claims, prenexes, and variables
somebody loves somebody: Existential claims, prenexes, and variables
somebody’s dog: Existential claims, prenexes, and variables
something is loved by everybody: Negation boundaries
something sees everything: Universal claims
something sees me: Existential claims, prenexes, and variables, Variables with generalized quantifiers
south face: Space interval modifiers: FEhE
sow grain: Space interval modifiers: FEhE
sowed grain: Tense questions: cu’e
spaghetti: fu’ivla
SQL: Acronyms
Steven Mark Jones: lerfu words as pro-sumti
stroke cat then rabbit: Tensed logical connectives, Tensed logical connectives, Tensed logical connectives
Sun
the: cmene
supper: rafsi
Susan: Parenthesis and metalinguistic commentary: TO, TOI, SEI
syllabic pronunciations of consonants
- in fu’ivla: fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla
- in fu’ivla category attachment: fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla, fu’ivla
syllabication
- variants of: Syllabication And Stress

T

Take care!: Vocatives and commands
Talk!: Vocatives and commands
talker: tanru
taller: The concept of the bridi
tan(pi/2) = infinity: Using Lojban resources within mekso
tank
Sherman: rafsi
the destination: Conversion: SE
the go-er: Conversion: SE
The men are women: The three basic description types
the two of you: sumti-based descriptions, sumti-based descriptions
thingy: Assignable pro-sumti and pro-bridi: the ko’a-series and the broda-series
this boat: Demonstrative pro-sumti: the ti-series, Demonstrative pro-sumti: the ti-series, Demonstrative pro-sumti: the ti-series
three bears: sumti-based descriptions, sumti-based descriptions, sumti-based descriptions
three cats white
and two big: A few notes on variables
three dogs bite two men: Grouping of quantifiers
Three Kings: selbri based on sumti: me
three of four people: Logical and non-logical connectives within mekso
three or four people: Logical and non-logical connectives within mekso
three rats: Special mekso selbri
title of book: sumti qualifiers, sumti qualifiers
to movie
house
- office: example: Tagging places: FA
to-do list: More about non-logical connectives
tomorrow: lujvo with more than two parts.
too long: Event contours: ZAhO and re’u, Tenses as sumti tcita
toward her right: Movement in space: MOhI
toward my right: Movement in space: MOhI
transfinite cardinal: Special numbers
traveling salesperson: Modal tags: BAI
try the door: Lojban sumti raising
try to go: Inversion of tanru: co
twice today: Tenses as sumti tcita
two brothers: Other kinds of simple selbri
two dogs are white: Quantified descriptions
typical Englishman: Descriptors for typical objects
typical Lojban user: Masses and sets

U

ugh: More about non-logical connectives
under compulsion: Modal selbri, Modal selbri, Modal selbri, Modal selbri
under conditions: Event abstraction
unspecified route: Standard bridi form: cu

V

W

walk to market: Conversion of simple selbri
want to be a soldier: The syntax of abstraction
wash self: Reflexive and reciprocal pro-sumti: the vo’a-series
weapon against self: Dropping the prenex
went and bought: Tenses, modals, and logical connection, Tenses, modals, and logical connection
what is your name: sumti and bridi questions: ma and mo
when: Tense questions: cu’e
when else: Tense questions: cu’e
when/where/how: Tense questions: cu’e
where: Tense questions: cu’e
whether criminal: Truth-value abstraction: jei
window: The six types of logical connectives
word “abu”: References to lerfu
word “bu”: The universal bu

X

x sub b,d: Logical and non-logical connectives within mekso
x sub k: Mathematical uses of lerfu strings
X-ray: rafsi
x-sub-3: Subscripts

Y

younger: Comparatives and superlatives, Comparatives and superlatives

Z

zero to one: Logical and non-logical connectives within mekso